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★ = FDA-approved medical indication•
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Evidence-based · Educational only•
36+ Peptides indexed•
Free research library•
Free newsletter — subscribe below•
★ = FDA-approved medical indication•
Not medical advice — always consult a clinician•
Peptide Knowledge Center
All peptides

Insulin

FDA-Approved

Human insulin and its analogs are widely approved peptide hormones used for diabetes management.

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Overview

Human insulin and its analogs are widely approved peptide hormones used for diabetes management.

FDA Approval Status

Approved by the FDA for at least one medical indication (see approved uses below).

Mechanism of Action

Activates the insulin receptor to promote cellular glucose uptake and metabolism.

Current Research

Decades of clinical use and evidence.
Research strength: Strong

Potential Medical Uses

  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hyperkalemia (adjunct)

Potential Benefits

  • Life-sustaining in T1D
  • Precise glycemic control

Known Side Effects

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Weight gain
  • Lipohypertrophy

Contraindications

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypersensitivity

Drug Interactions

  • Alcohol
  • Beta blockers (mask hypoglycemia)
  • Corticosteroids

Administration Methods

  • Subcutaneous injection
  • Intravenous (hospital)
  • Inhaled (Afrezza)

Half-life

Varies by analog (minutes to hours)

Reconstitution

Prefilled pens/vials.

Storage & Handling

Refrigerate unopened; in-use per label.

References & Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

Information on this page is educational and general in nature. It is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decisions.